初中语法——名词用法讲解
109次浏览 发布时间:2023-07-10 06:20:08【经典习题】
( ) 1. — Mom, please give me two ( ) . I want to make vegetable salad.
— OK. Here you are.
A. tomato
B. tomatoes
C. tomatos
( ) 2. — Are you thirsty?
— Yes. Could you please give us ( ) .
A. four glass water
B. four glass of water
C. four glasses of water
D. four glasses of waters
( ) 3. — Whose bedroom is this?
— It’s ( ) . Look! There are two beds in the room.
A. Betty and her sister’s
B. Betty’s and her sister
C. Betty’s and her sister’s
( ) 4. There are more than one hundred teachers in our school, and most of them are ( ) .
A. men’s teachers
B. man teachers
C. men teacher
D. men teachers
( ) 5. — What a good ( ) you’ve given me! Thanks a lot.
— My pleasure.
A. information
B. news
C. suggestion
D. advice
【考点点拨】
★ 可数名词的复数形式
可数名词变为复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。
可数名词复数形式的规则变化如下:
通常直接在名词的词尾加-s,如bicycle→ bicycles, tiger→ tigers。
以s, x, ch, sh等结尾的名词,常在词尾加-es,如bus→ buses, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes。
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先把y变为i,再加-es,如factory→ factories。
以f或fe结尾的名词,常先把f或fe变为v,再加-es,如wolf→ wolves, wife→ wives。
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词,有的在词尾加-es,有的在词尾加-s,如hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos。
不规则变化的可数名词的复数形式以及单复数形式相同的名词需要特别记忆,如child→ children, man→ men, foot→ feet, goose→ geese, mouse→ mice, sheep→ sheep, deer→ deer, fish→ fish。
★ 不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式,其前也不能直接用不定冠词或数词修饰。some, any, much, lots of, plenty of等可以修饰不可数名词表示不确切的数量;“数词或不定冠词a / an + 表示度量、容积等的单位词 + of + 不可数名词”表示确切数量,如a cup of coffee, two pieces of bread。
★ 名词所有格
1. 名词所有格通常是在名词词尾加’s,如Laura’s socks;如果名词是以-s或-es结尾的复数词尾,则在其后加’,如two hours’ drive;不以-s结尾的复数名词直接在其后加’s,如men’s shoes。
表示两人(物)或多人(物)共有时,只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果表示各自所有,则每个名词都要变为所有格形式,如Howard and Alexander’s father, Asia’s and Africa’s climate changes。
2. of属格,即“of + 名词”,多用于无生命的名词。
3. 双重所有格,即“of + 名词所有格”,表示所属关系或加强感情色彩。
★ 名词作定语
名词作定语时,无论所修饰的名词是单数还是复数,通常都用单数形式。
注意:当man和woman作定语时,它们要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致,即man和woman修饰单数名词时用单数形式,修饰复数名词时用复数形式。
【即时操练】
单项选择
( ) 1. — What kind of noodles would you like?
— I’d like some ( ) noodles.
A. carrots
B. beef
C. potatoes
D. vegetables
( ) 2. The Browns keep many ( ) on the farm.
A. chicken
B. geese
C. pig
D. cow
( ) 3. — When do you plan to take your two sons to America?
— It depends on my ( ) decision.
A. children
B. children’s
C. child
D. child’s
( ) 4. — Excuse me, is the museum far from here?
— No. It’s about ( ) .
A. 10-minutes walk
B. 10 minute walk
C. 10 minutes’ walk
D. 10 minute’s walk
( ) 5. — I hear you have to get up early every morning.
— That’s right. It is one of the ( ) of my family.
A. plans
B. duties
C. ways
D. rules
Key:
【经典习题】 1-5 BCADC
【即时操练】 1-5 BBBCD